Pneumonia, meningitis, and food poisoning are just a few illnesses that may be caused by harmful bacteria. Airborne disease can spread when people with certain infections cough, sneeze, or talk, spewing nasal and throat secretions into the air. Following inhalation, infectious viruses, bacteria, and fungi can establish in host cells of the respiratory tract. The pathogenic strains have additional virulence factors such as type 1 fimbriae that promote colonization of the colon or may produce toxins see virulence factors of bacterial and viral pathogens. Mar 19, 2020 some viruses or bacteria take flight and hang in the air or land on other people or surfaces. Unlike those diseases caused by microorganisms like fungi and protozoa these bacterial infections are deadly. Infections with viruses, bacteria, and parasites cause most food poisoning. Antibiotics infection treatment types, uses and side. May 27, 2020 antibiotics are a group of medicines that are used to treat infections caused by some germs bacteria and certain parasites.
They do not work against infections that are caused by viruses for example, the common cold or flu. It can infect the urethra in a mans penis, the cervix in a womans vagina, and therectum and throat. Many people suffer from stomach ulcers caused by a species of bacteria called. This disease is caused due to attack of legionella bacteria that is often found in moist conditions. It damages the lining of the small intestine when foods that contain gluten are eaten. It is often difficult to determine the cause of fungal diseases, because bacteria cause a secondary infection and are often erroneously identified as fungi. Infectious diseases emerging throughout history have included some of the most feared plagues of the past. Like chlamydia, if left untreated, gonorrhea can cause pelvic inflammatory disease, which can lead to chronic pelvic pain and permanent damage to a womans reproductive organs. Antibiotics are used successfully to control bacteria. These are global problems william foege, former cdc director now at the carter center, terms them global infectious disease threats. For instance, bacteria or similar organisms that are present within the mycelium are the causes of such diseases as drippy gill and mummy disease. What are some types of and treatments for sexually. One disease caused by bartonella is cat scratch disease.
To understand the chapter and to score good marks in the exam students are advised to solve questions from the ncert exemplar class 9 science chapter why do we fall ill. In the united states, klebsiella pneumoniae and klebsiella oxytoca are the two strains responsible for most human illnesses. Disease conducive environment susceptible host virulent pathogen the disease triangle. May 26, 2017 some diseases do not need direct contact to spread. The very first case of this disease was found in philadelphia in 1976 and its symptoms are observed to be somewhat same as that of flu of pneumonia. Animal disease, an impairment of the normal state of an animal that interrupts or modifies its vital functions. They spread most often via water, wind, and insects. Plus, read the latest news on emerging infectious diseases like mrsa, e. Antibiotics are normally only prescribed for more serious bacterial infections, as many infections get better on their. Waterborne diseases are conditions caused by pathogenic microorganisms that are transmitted in water. Women often have no symptoms at all and may not know they are. Whooping cough gets its name from its main symptom, a severe. Can lead to pneumonia, seizures, encephalopathy brain infection, and death. After harvest, they are a major cause of mushroom browning.
Discuss bacterial structure and the function of the different bacterial components 4. Bacteria are known to cause distortion, discolouration and decay. Engineering, iowa state university, ames, iowa, usa. These bacteria are found in many places including water fresh or salt, household dust, and soil. The disease is spread persontoperson through the exchange of respiratory and throat secretions e. A manual for nurses and midwives in the who european. There are trillions of strains of bacteria, and few cause diseases in humans. Bacteria may also be classified as grampositive or gramnegative. Bacteria only cause disease by entering the body through the blood steam and infecting a host cell, and viruses only cause disease by entering through air passages. Bacteria can also cause disease by releasing that harm the body. Unexplained deaths due to possibly infectious causes in the united. Both bacteria and viruses use host cells to reproduce, but viruses kill the host cell immediately, while bacteria maintain life within the host cell indefinitely. Fungal diseases are caused by fungi, which are small organisms.
Some diseases are not caused by a single pathogen, but rather by a combination of predisposing stress factors and opportunistic insects and diseases. The symptoms include diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and abdominal cramps. A selection has been made of some 150 that are of principal inter. Emerging infectious diseases is indexed in current contents and in several. List of diseases caused by virus, bacteria, protozoa and. Illness caused by several strains of avian influenza a viruses e. Characteristics of common diseases continued bacterial diseases pneumonia bacteria, fungi, dust, or other foreign matter. Bacterial diseases 12 common diseases that are caused by. A disease caused by the bacteria salmonella typhi, which lives only in the bloodstream and intestinal tract of humans. One way bacteria can cause disease is by breaking down and damaging of the infected organism. In cattle, the disease localizes in the reproductive organs andor the udder. Gonorrheais caused by bacteria spread from one infected person to another during sex. Airborne and direct contact diseases disease surveillance.
Pathogens associated with cassava diseases worldwide. Similar to rodents, cockroaches are known to transmit the salmonella sp. This damage may lead to ectopic pregnancy in which the fetus develops outside of the womb, a condition that can be lifethreatening and infertility. While diarrhea and vomiting are the most commonly reported symptoms of waterborne illness, other symptoms can include skin, ear, respiratory, or eye problems. Ecosystem regulation of infectious diseases millennium. Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites are different types of pathogens.
Animal hosts, asymptomatic carriers, and other potential reservoirs of pathogens can be important sources of infection, and this must be taken into account when. Gi caused by variety of different microbes and germs. Diphtheria it is caused by corynebacterium diphtheriae. Bacterial infections of the gastrointestinal tract microbiology. Those microbes that cause anthroponoses have adapted, via evolution, to the human species as their primary, usually exclusive, host. Antibiotic resistance threats centers for disease control. In humans, the bacteria are often present in parts of the digestive tract where they do not generally cause problems. Diseasecausing plant pathogens include fungi, viruses, bacteria, and other microbes. Feb 06, 2018 klebsiella is a type of bacteria commonly found in nature. These diseases can be spread while bathing, washing, drinking water, or by eating food exposed to contaminated water. Mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare.
After one or two weeks, it can cause violent coughing spells that can interfere with eating, drinking, or even breathing. The underlying cause of declines is poor tree health, so proper forest management and tree care is critical for prevention and treatment. Common plant diseases and pests north dakota state. The branch of medicine called veterinary medicine deals with the study, prevention, and treatment of diseases not only in domesticated animals but also in wild animals and in those used in research. Viruses reproduce only inside the cells of the host organism, which may be a bacterium, plant or animal. What is the name of microorganisms which reproduce only inside the living cells of other organisms. Ncert exemplar class 9 science solutions chapter why.
Common symptoms of many types of food poisoning include diarrhea or bloody diarrhea, vomiting, pain in your abdomen, fever, and headache. Some pathogens can live their entire lifecycle outside the host. Mycobacterium leprae and mycobacterium lepromatosis. Tuberculosis usually exists in the form of a lung infection. Harmful chemicals also cause some cases of food poisoning. The disease triangle school of forest resources and conservation. Ticks become infected by feeding on infected rodents. Apr 02, 2021 some theories for its cause include relapsing fever, a tickborne disease with some similar symptoms. African americans and asians, pregnant women during the third trimester, and. Sexually transmitted diseases std venereal disease. Animal transmitted diseases washington state department. Washing your hands on a regular basis can assist in reducing the risk of cockroachborne diseases. Here you find the list of diseases in a tabular form and also details of some important ones.
Bacteria only cause disease by entering the body through the blood steam and infecting a host cell, and viruses only cause disease. The loss of effective antibiotics will undermine our ability to fight infectious diseases and manage the infectious complications common in vulnerable patients undergoing. Mac bacteria get into the body when the bacteria are inhaled into the lungs or swallowed. Feb 27, 2019 it is mainly caused by bacteria named vibrio cholerae via consumption of contaminated food or drinking water. New infections continue to emerge today, while many of the old plagues are with us still. Some patients have a rash of flat, rosecolored spots. As the name suggests, this infection is most commonly spread by a cat scratch or bite, though on rare occasions, it occurs without either. Though long thought to have been caused by plague bacteria hence the name, that theory. Microorganisms microbes include bacteria, fungi, protozoa, some algae, viruses, viroids and.
Whooping cough it is caused by a bacterium called borde tella pertussis. Discuss the distinguishing characteristics of gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Infections and infectious diseases whoeurope who world. These neglected parasitic infections npis include toxoplasmosis, chagas disease, toxocariasis a nematode infection transmitted primarily by infected dogs, cysticercosis a disease caused by a tissue infection of the tapeworm taenia solium, and trichomoniasis a sexually transmitted disease caused by the parabasalid trichomonas vaginalis. Individual bacteria were first observed microscopically by antony van. Antibiotic resistant bacteria better health channel. Lyme disease, a bacterial disease, caused by borrelia burgdorferi, is transmitted by the bites of infected ticks. Common forest diseases north carolina forest service. Inmen, the disease may cause burning during urination and discharge drip from thepenis. Bacteria are shed in milk, aborted fetuses, afterbirth, or other reproductive tract discharges. Get the facts on infectious disease types, causes, prevention, and treatment, and learn how they spread. Fungi are minute organisms that live on plants and cause visible symptoms.
Dec 12, 2018 the disease is caused by a group of bacteria known scientifically as brucella. Serogroups c, w, and y account for more than half of reported cases. Nov 08, 2018 mycobacterium avium complex mac infections are caused by two types of bacteria. Symptom are the expression of the disease caused by the manifestation of the physiological reaction of the plant due to harmful activity of the pathogen sign physical evidence of the presence of disease agent e. Infectious disease epidemiology 20102015 report arizona. In this chapter, the students will learn about different diseases like acute and chronic diseases as well as their causes. Lakhmir singh science class 8 solutions for chapter 2. The potential for sustainable hunting and rearing of gam. Apr 23, 20 bacteria are now too common, and some pathogens have even become resistant to. Diseases caused by bacteria are responsible for many deaths in the world since many centuries. Some things to think about as we discuss the difference between prokaryotic and. Its important to have a good understanding of diseases before you can efficiently send them packingand get back to the joy of gardening.
List of diseases caused by virus, bacteria, protozoa and worm. This report covers bacteria causing severe human infections and the antibiotics. Feb 11, 2016 some diseases are also caused by microorganisms due to unbalanced diet such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi, protozoans, helminthes, worms, etc environmental pollutants, tobacco, alcohol and. Bacteria are singlecelled organisms that live on various kinds of organic matter. They have made a major contribution to human health. It is the most common tickborne disease in the united states, but is relatively rare in washington when compared to. The salmonella remains in their digestive system for a month or more and is deposited through their vomit and feces. Microorganisms microbes include bacteria, fungi, protozoa, some algae, viruses, viroids and also prions that are proteinacious infectious agents. In this mnt knowledge center article, learn about the most. Plaque that is not removed can harden and form tartar that brushing doesnt clean. The following is a list of some of the major plant diseases, grouped by type of causative agent and ordered alphabetically. Infectious plant diseases are caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses and can range in severity from mild leaf or fruit damage to death.
Some things to think about as we discuss the difference. The bacterium, pasturella multiocida, is often responsible for the disease. They are mentioned as illustrations of different principles. Diseases that can be spread during sex new york state. Diseases in man and animals caused by nono1 vibrio cholerae. It is the causative agent of vaginal yeast infections as well as oral thrush, a yeast infection of the mouth that commonly afflicts infants. Attempts to isolate the bacteria in pap smears rarely yield positive results. State univ, monterey bay, ca usa nasa, ames res ctr, moffett field, ca. Mycobacterium avium complex infections genetic and rare. Factors in the emergence of infectious diseases volume 1. Many diseases that once killed people can now be treated effectively with antibiotics.
Legionellosis legionnaires disease legionella pneumophila. Infectious plant diseases are caused by living organisms that attack and obtain their nutrition from the plant they infect. Manual of standardized methods for veterinary microbiology. It is the most common tickborne disease in the united states, but is relatively rare in washington when compared to other areas of the country.
Recognizing diseases caused by bartonella facty health. Diseases are caused by bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Aids acquired immuno deficiency syndrome it is caused by human immunodeficiency virus hiv measles it is caused by the measles. Some microbes can infect hosts by traveling through the air and entering the airways. During that period many of the bacteria that cause human disease were identified and characterized.
Caused by the bacteria of the pasteurella genus, pasteurellosis is a zoonotic disease common in many animals, including chickens, cats, dogs, rodents, and livestock. Acute flaccid myelitis a rare but serious condition that affects the spinal cord and causes. Animal transmitted diseases washington state department of. Meeting the challenges of drugresistant diseases in developing countries. Individual bacteria were first observed microscopically by antony van leeuwenhoek at the end of the 17th century. When people breathe in contaminated environment they often get affected by this disease.
Bacterial diseases for questions 15, complete each statement by writing the correct word or words. Proper housing, ventilation, sanitation, and antibiotics. Diseases of wild and cultured fishes in alaska alaska department. Antibiotic medications are used to kill bacteria, which can cause illness and disease. In contrast, nonhuman species are the natural reservoir for those infectious agents that cause zoonoses fig 6.
Wash your hands with soap and warm water on a regular basis to help eliminate any bacteria, germs or viruses which can cause the diseases spread by cockroaches. Ncert exemplar class 9 science solutions chapter why do. Name the instrument or device which is needed to see the microorganisms. These include threadworm and several faecaloral bacteria which cause bacillary dysentery, paratyphoid, and salmonellosis 3. The parasitic organism that causes a disease is a pathogen. Explain, as fully as you can, how immunisation works 3 total 11 marks influenza is a disease caused by a virus.
These active organisms have a way of thwarting all gardeners from time to time. Some even cause diseases, such as vaginal yeast infections and oral thrush figure 1. The instrument or device which is needed to see the microorganisms. When people with coeliac disease eat foods that contain gluten. People with suppressed immune systems are at risk for a more serious infection and complication. F, weakness, cough, stomach pains, headache, and loss of appetite. People can be immunised against the disease that the microbe causes. For this lecture you should focus on the major concepts and not on the names of the different bacteria. However, some bacteria have become resistant to commonly used antibiotics.
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